Friday (Monday) Cardiac Quiz questions:
1. Memorize formulas for Karvonen / Heart Rate Reserve (HRR), and for Rate Pressure Product (RPP) (obj. # 25) and when given patient information, calculate values.
2. Explain the PQRST wave form events in terms of depolarization and repolarization of the atria or ventricles (Obj #1).
3. Explain the mechanical origin of heart sounds (Hillegass p.76-77).
Hint: start from the very early phase of ventricular contraction)
a. the 1st heart sound (S1) is caused by closing of the ________, and this marks the beginning of ___________.
b. the 2nd heart sound (S2) is caused by closing of the ________, and this marks the beginning of ___________.
4. State normal blood level of Potassium (K): 3.5 - 5.0
5. Using Ejection Fraction (EF), define progressive degrees of heart failure:
Normal: > 60%
Mild failure: 40-60%
Moderate failure: 20-40%
Severe failure < 20%State the quantifying measures for CHF (often done by an echocardiogram):
elevated End Diastolic Volume (EDV)
decreased Stroke Volume (SV)
decreased Ejection Fraction (EF).
Here is additional information related to EF that you will NOT be tested over, but may help in your understanding:
SV = EDV - ESV
EF = SV / EDV
6. Classify normal and progressive levels of Hypertension,
- according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee
on Detection, Education, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNCVI). 2003
| SBP | DBP | |
| Normal | < 120 | < 80 |
| PreHypertension | 120-139 | 80-89 |
| HTN - Stage 1 | 140-159 | 90-99 |
| HTN - Stage 2 | > 160 | > 100 |
7. Convert between VO2 and MET (a factor of 3.5),
e.g. 5 METS is equal to a VO2 of 17.5 L/min/kg.
8. State BMI levels
| Underweight | < 18.5 |
| Normal weight | 18.5 - 24.9 |
| Overweight | 25 - 29.9 |
| Obesity | > 30 |
| Morbid Obesity | > 40 |
9. Given an ECG strip, calculate the heart rate.
Hint: start counting boxes at a point where a QRS spike comes close to intersecting a line. That QRS spike would be the “zero” heart beat.
10. Label the following on a drawing of the heart:
Extra Credit:
State average values for VO2 MAX (expressed as METs) for an elderly woman or man.