Truman, The Governmental Process, Chapter 3, Notes

1 See Chapple and Coon: Principles of Anthropology, chap. 14; and Thomas: Primitive Behavior, chap. 14.

2 Among the most significant of these studies are the following: Peter H. Odegard: Pressure Politics: The Story of the Anti-Saloon League (New York: Columbia University Press, 1928); Herring: Group Representation Before Congress (1929); Harwood L. Childs: Labor and Capital in National Politics (Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press, 1930); E. E. Schattschneider: Politics, Pressures and the Tariff (New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1935); E. Pendleton Herring: Public Administration and the Public Interest (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1936); Belle Zeller: Pressure Politics in New York (New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1937); Dayton D. McKean: Pressures on the Legislature of New Jersey (New York: Columbia University Press 1938); Oliver Garceau: The Political Life of the American Medical Association (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1941).

3 The best single treatment of these writers is Kung Chuan Hsiao: Political Pluralism (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Company, Ltd., 1927), especially chap. 6. See also Dewey: The Public and Its Problems, pp. 73-4.

4 Herring: Group Representation Before Congress, p. 18. Copyright 1929 by and used with the permission of The Brookings Institution.

5 Arthur F. Bentley: Behavior Knowledge Fact (Bloomington, Indiana: The Principia Press, Inc., 1935), p. 29.

6 E. F. M. Durbin: The Politics of Democratic Socialism (London: George Routledge & Sons, Ltd., 1940), p. 52.

7 Robert M. MacIver: The Web of Government (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1947), p. 56. Copyright by Robert M. MacIver and used with the permission of The Macmillan company.

8 For a trenchant criticism of this notion see Walter Lippmann: Public Opinion (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1922), chap. 1.

9 Bentley: The Process of Government, p. 220. Copyright 1908 by and used with the permission of Arthur F. Bentley.

10 Robert M. Maclver: "Pressures, Social," Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences.

11 Bentley: The Process of Government, p. 220. Copyright 1908 by and used with permission of Arthur F Bentley. On this general point, see pp. 218-20 and 371-2.

12 Linton: The Study of Man, pp. 348-54.

13 "U. S. National Resources Committee: The Structure of the American Economy, Part 1: Basic Characteristics (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1939), p. 96.

14 See Linton: The Study of Man, pp. 84, 272-3.

15 U. S. National Resources Committee: The Problems of a Changing Population (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1938), p. 244

16 Chapple and Coon: Principles of Anthropology, pp. 140,250-1, 365

17 MacIver: The Web of Government, pp. 52, 71

18 MacIver: The Web of Government, p. 52. Copyright 1947 by Robert M. MacIver and used with the permission of The Macmillan Company.

19 De Tocqueville: Democracy in America, Vol. II, pp. 111-2.

20 Herring: Group Representation Before Congress, pp. 51-2 U.S. Temporary National Economic Committee: Trade Association Survey (Monograph No. 18, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1941), p. 368.

21 See Linton: The Study of Man, pp. 272-3.

22 Chapple and Coon: Principles of Anthropology, p. 435.

23 Herring: Group Representation Before Congress, p. 19.

24 U.S. Temporary National Economic Committee: Trade Association Survey, pp. 2, 26.

25 Public Law 601, 79th Cong., 2d Sess. (1946)

26 Belle Zeller: "The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act," American Political Science Review, Vol. 42, no. 2 (April, 1948), pp. 239-71.

27 U.S. Department of Commerce: National Associations of the United States (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1949).

28 Ibid., p. 561.

29 Chapple and Coon: Principles of Anthropology, p. 426.

30 Zeller: Pressure Politics in New York, pp. 8, 51, and passim; McKean:Pressures on the Legislature of New Jersey, p. 6. Cf. Lundberg: Foundations of Sociology, pp. 218-9.

31 Herring: Group Representation Before Congress, pp. 34-8, 41-6, 195.

32 The role of disasters in the formation and alteration of groups, especially political groups, deserves more investigation than it has received. See John M. Gaus and Leon 0. Wolcott: Public Administration and the United States Department of Agriculture (Chicago: Public Administration Service, 1940), especially the section on land use (chap. 8), p. 128 ff. See also Stuart A. Rice: Farmers and Workers in American Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1924), chap 1.

33 See, for example, Crawford: The Pressure Boys; and Stuart Chase: Democracy Under Pressure (New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1945).

34 Karl Polanyi: The Great Transformation (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., 1944). See also T. N. Whitehead: Leadership in a Free Society (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1936), chap. 2.

35 McKean: Pressures on the Legislature of New Jersey, pp. 56-7, notes the frequency with which groups besiege the New Jersey legislature for legislation restricting the effects of competition, especially from out-of-state companies. See U.S. Department of Agriculture: Barriers to Internal Trade in Farm Products (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1939).

36 Herman Finer: The Road to Reaction (Boston: Little, Brown & Company, 1945), p. 185.

37 This section is based on W. Lloyd Warner and J. O. Low: The Social System of the Modern Factory (Yankee City Series, Vol. IV, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1947), esp. pp. 89, 114, 121-3.

38 From Organized Labor by Harry A. Millis and Royal E. Montgomery, p. 886. Copyright 1945. Courtesy of McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.

39 Warner and Low: The Social System of the Modern Factory, p. 89.

40 U.S. Temporary National Economic Committee: Economic Power and Political Pressures (Monograph No. 26, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1941 ), p. 1.

41 Herring: Group Representation Before Congress, p. 180.

42 See, for example, issues of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, which began publication in 1945.

43 Herring: Group Representation Before Congress, p. 27. See Crawford:The Pressure Boys, chap. 10, for further examples of this sort.