David C. Geary home page Department of Psychological Sciences home page
University of Missouri-Columbia home page
publications: sex differences

Geary, D. C. (2012). Sex differences. In V. S. Ramachandran (Editor-in-Chief), Encyclopedia of human behavior (2nd Edition). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.

Jašarevic, E., Sieli, P . T., Twellman, E. E., Welsh, T. H. Jr, Schachtman, T. R., Roberts, R. M. Geary, D. C., & Rosenfeld, C. S. (2011). Disruption of adult expression of sexually selected traits by early exposure to Bisphenol A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108. (Co-senior author ).

Bailey, D. H., Durante, K., & Geary, D. C. (2011). Men's perception of women's attractiveness is calibrated to relative mate value and dominance of the women's partner. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 138-146.

Geary, D. C. (2010). Male, female: The evolution of human sex differences (second dition). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Oxford, J., Ponzi, D., & Geary, D. C. (2010). Hormonal responses differ when playing violent video games against an ingroup and outgroup. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 201-209.

Vigil, J. M., Geary, D. C., Flinn, M. V., & Granger, D. A. (2010). Sex differences in salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and psychological functioning following hurricane Katrina. Child Development, 81, 1228-1240.

Geary, D. C. (2009). An evolutionary twist on sex, mathematics, and the sciences. In C. Hoff Sommers (Ed.), The science of women in science (pp. 170-189). Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute Press.

Ellis, L., Hoyenga, K., Palmer, C., Geary, D. C., Pellis, S., Kazmer, K. et al. (2008). Sex differences: Summarizing more than a century of scientific research. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Geary, D. C. (2009). Sex differences in reciprocal altruism: Reply to Mower. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 39, 121-124.

Byrd-Craven, J., Geary, D. C., Rose, A. J., & Ponzi, D. (2008). Co-rumination increases stress hormone levels in women. Hormones and Behavior, 53, 489-492.

Bailey, D. H, Oxford, J. K., & Geary, D. C. (2009). Ultimate and proximate influences on human sex differences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 266-267.

Halpern, D., Benbow, C., Geary, D. C., Gur, R., Hyde, J., & Gernsbacher, M. A. (2007). The science of sex differences in science and mathematics. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 8 (No 1, 1-52).

Halpern, D., Benbow, C., Geary, D. C., Gur, R., Hyde, J., & Gernsbacher, M. A. (2007). Sex, Math and Scientific Achievement: Why do men dominate the fields of science, engineering and mathematics? Scientific American Mind, 18, 44-51.

DeSoto, M. C., Bumgardner, J., Close, A., & Geary, D. C. (2007). Investigating the role of hormones in theory of mind. North American Journal of Psychology, 9, 535-544.

Geary, D. C. (2007). Evolution of fatherhood. In C. Salmon & T. Shackelford (Eds.), Family relationships: An evolutionary perspective (pp. 115-144). New York: Oxford University Press.

Byrd-Craven, J., Geary, D. C., Vigil, J. M., & Hoard, M. K. (2007). One mate or two? Life history traits and reproductive variation in low-income women. Acta Psychological Sinica, 39, 469-480.

Geary, D. C. (2007). An evolutionary perspective on sex differences in mathematics and the sciences. In S. J. Ceci & W. Williams (Eds.), Are sex differences in cognition responsible for the underrepresentation of women in scientific careers? (pp. 173-188). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Byrd-Craven, J., & Geary, D. C. (2007). Biological and evolutionary contributions to developmental sex differences. Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 15 (Supplement 2), 10-20.

Geary, D. C. (2006). An evolutionary perspective on sexual and intimate relationships. In R. D. McAnulty & M. M. Burnette (Eds.), Sex and sexuality. (pp. 67-86) New York: Praeger.

Geary, D. C. (2006). Sex differences in social behavior and cognition: The utility of sexual selection for hypothesis generation. Hormones and Behavior, 48 , 273-275.

Geary, D. C. (2006). Innate sex differences supported by untypical fatalities: Comment. Chance, 19, 16-17.

Vigil, J. M., Geary, D. C., & Byrd-Craven, J. (2006). Trade-offs in low income women’s preferences for long-term and short-term mates: Within-sex differences in reproductive strategy. Human Nature, 17, 319-336 .

Vigil, J. M., & Geary, D. C. (2006). Family and community background and variation in women’s life history development. Journal of Family Psychology, 20.

Fink, B., Brookes, H., Neave, N., Manning, J. T., & Geary, D. C. (2006). Second to fourth digit ratio and numerical competence in children. Brain and Cognition, 61, 211-218.

Geary, D. C. (2006). [Review of Gender differences in mathematics: An integrative psychological approach. Edited by A. M. Gallagher & J. C. Kaufman]. British Journal of Educational Studies, 54, 245-246.

Geary, D. C. (2006). Coevolution of paternal investment and cuckoldry in humans. In T. K. Shackelford & S. Platek (Eds.), Female infidelity and paternal uncertainty (pp. 14-34). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Geary, D. C. (2005). Evolution of life history trade-offs in mate attractiveness and health: Comment on Weeden and Sabini (2005). Psychological Bulletin, 131, 654-657.

Geary, D. C. (2005).  Evolution of paternal investment.  In D. M. Buss (Ed.), The evolutionary psychology handbook.  (pp. 483-505).  Hoboken, NJ:  John Wiley & Sons.

Halpern, D., Benbow, C., Geary, D. C., Gur, R., Hyde, D., & Gernsbacher, M. A. (in prep). The science of sex differences in mathematical and scientific abilities and achievement. Psychological Science in the Public Interest.

Vigil, J. M., Geary, D. C., & Byrd-Craven, J. (2005). A life history assessment of early childhood sexual abuse in women. Developmental Psychology, 41, 553-561.

 Geary, D. C., Vigil, J., & Byrd-Craven, J. (2004). Evolution of human mate choice. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 27-42.

(longer version) Geary, D. C. (2004).  Why to the birds and bees do it?  In D. Rothenberg & W. J. Pryor (Eds.), Writing the future:  Progress and evolution (pp. 51-58). Cambridge, MA:  MIT Press.

Geary, D. C., Byrd-Craven, J., Hoard, M. K., Vigil, J., & Numtee, C. (2003). Evolution and development of boys’ social behavior. Developmental Review, 23, 444-470.

 DeSoto, M. C., Geary, D. C., Hoard, M. K., Sheldon, M. S., Cooper, L. (2003). Estrogen fluctuations, oral contraceptives and borderline personality. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28, 751-766.

Geary, D. C. (2002). Sexual selection and human life history. In R. Kail (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol 30, pp. 41-101). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

 Geary, D. C., & Flinn, M. V. (2002). Sex differences in behavioral and hormonal response to social threat: Commentary on Taylor et al. (2000). Psychological Review, 109, 745-750.

Geary, D. C. (2002). Sexual selection and sex differences in social cognition. In A. V. McGillicuddy-De Lisi & R. De Lisi (Eds.), Biology, society, and behavior: The development of sex differences in cognition (pp. 23-53). Greenwich, CT: Ablex/Greenwood.

Geary, D. C., & DeSoto, M., C. (2001). Sex differences in spatial abilities among adults from the United States and China: Implications for evolutionary theory. Evolution and Cognition, 7, 172-177.

Geary, D. C., DeSoto, M. C., Hoard, M. K., Sheldon, M. S., & Cooper, L. (2001). Estrogens and relationship jealousy. Human Nature, 12, 299-320.

Geary, D. C. (2000). Evolution and proximate expression of human paternal investment. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 55-77.

Geary, D. C., Saults, S. J., Liu, F., & Hoard, M. K. (2000). Sex differences in spatial cognition, computational fluency, and arithmetical reasoning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, 337-353.

Geary, D. C. (1999). Evolution and developmental sex differences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 115-120.

Reprinted in Junn, E. N., & Boyatzis, C. J. (Eds.)(2000/2001). Annual editions: Child growth and development 00/01 (01/02, 02/03) (pp. 29-32). Guilford, CT: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill.

Geary, D. C. (1998). Male, female: The evolution of human sex differences. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

 Geary, D. C. (1998). Sexual selection, the division of labor and the evolution of sex differences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 444-448.

Geary, D. C. (1999). Sex differences in mathematical abilities: Commentary on the math-fact retrieval hypothesis. Contemporary Educational Psychology 24, 267-274.

Geary, D. C. (1996). Sexual selection and sex differences in mathematical abilities. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 229-284.

Geary, D. C. (1996). On the biology and politics of cognitive sex differences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 267-277.

Geary, D. C. (1996). Response: A biosocial framework for studying cognitive sex differences. Learning and Individual Differences, 8, 53-58.

Geary, D. C. (1995). Sexual selection and sex differences in spatial cognition. Learning and Individual Differences, 7, 289-301.

Geary, D. C., Rumsey, M., Bow-Thomas, C. C., & Hoard, M. K. (1995). Sexual jealousy as a facultative trait: Evidence from the pattern of sex differences in adults from China and the United States. Ethology and Sociobiology, 16, 355-383.

Geary, D. C., Gilger, J. W., & Elliott-Miller, B. (1992). Gender differences in three-dimensional mental rotation: A replication. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 153, 115-117.

Whalen, R. E., Geary, D. C., & Johnson, F. (1990). Models of sexuality. In D. P. McWhirter, S. A. Sanders, & J. M. Reinisch (Eds.), Homosexuality/heterosexuality: Concepts of sexual orientation (pp. 61-70). New York: Oxford University Press.

Geary, D. C. (1989). A model for representing gender differences in the pattern of cognitive abilities. American Psychologist, 44, 1155-1156.

Geary, D. C., & Gilger, J. W. (1989). Age of sexual maturation and adult spatial ability. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 27, 241-244.

Cormier, P. A., Tomlinson-Keasey, C., & Geary, D. C. (1988). Gender and hemispheric specialization differences in the learning of Morse Code letters. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 26, 399-402.

last updated: July 6, 2011

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