Hardware Components

Hardware devices may be broken down into several types:

  • Input Devices
  • Output Devices
  • System Unit
  • Storage Devices
  • Communications Devices

  • Input Devices

    Input devices are those devices that provide a way to get data into a computer system. Examples include:

  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Microphone
  • Digital Camera
  • Scanner
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    Output Devices

    Output devices are those devices that provide a way to get data out of a computer system. Examples include:

  • Monitor
  • Printer
  • Speaker
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    System Unit

    The system unit is the "heart" of a computer. It contains the motherboard. The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer into which devices and components are connected.

    A labeled image of a motherboard may be seen at http://www.build-your-own-computer.net/motherboard-diagram.html.

    The most important components on the motherboard are:

  • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
    The CPU handles the basic instructions that operate the computer.

  • Memory
    This is temporary storage space for briefly holding data and instructions. Includes RAM (Random-Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory).
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    Storage Devices

    Storage devices are devices that record and retrieve data to and from a storage medium. These include:

  • Hard Disk Drive
  • Floppy Drive
  • ZIP Drive
  • CD-ROM Drive
  • CD-RW Drive
  • DVD-ROM Drive
  • DVD-RW Drive
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    Communications Devices

    Communications devices enable computers to communicate and exchange data between themselves.

  • Modems
  • Network Interface Cards (NICs)
    Ethernet, 802.11 (Wireless) Card
  • Other Connection Mediums
    telephone lines (POTS), ethernet cables, wireless receivers
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    All of these devices receive their functionality through the use of software applications or programs.


    For more information on hardware devices, see the course readings from
    Christopher Breen ("Your Perfect Mac." Macworld 16(5)(May 1999): 68. Available from http://www.macworld.com/article/14957/1999/05/perfectmac.html) and

    Bill Howard ("My Perfect PC." PCMagazine 20(5)(March 6, 2001): 93. Available from http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,4614,00.asp).


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