English 8320: Voice and Persona Readings 2/2/07

Readings on Voice and Persona 1

"Voice" and "Persona." The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics.

Alvarez, A.: The Writer's Voice. New York, NY: Norton, 2005.

Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author.” Norton Anthology of Theory and

Criticism. Ed. Vincent B. Leitch. New York: Norton, 2001.

Culler, Jonathan. “Changes in the Study of the Lyric.” Lyric Poetry: Beyond New

Criticism. Ed. Chaviva Hosek and Patricia Parker. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.

De Man, Paul. "Image and Emblem in Yeats." The Rhetoric of Romanticism.

New York: Columbia UP, 1984.

----------. “Lyrical Voice in Contemporary Theory: Riffaterre and Jauss.” Lyric

Poetry: Beyond New Criticism. Ed. Chaviva Hosek and Patricia Parker. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.

Elliott, Robert C. "The Self and 't'other I'." The Literary Persona. Chicago: Univ. of

Chicago Press, 1982.

Forbes, Deborah. Sincerity's Shadow: Self-Consciousness in British Romantic and Mid-Twentieth-Century

American Poetry. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004.

Frye, Northrop. “Approaching the Lyric.” Lyric Poetry: Beyond New Criticism. Ed.

Chaviva Hosek and Patricia Parker. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.

Foucault, Michel. “What Is an Author?” Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism.

Ed. Vincent B. Leitch. New York: Norton, 2001.

Ong, Walter J." Voice as Summons for Belief: Literature, Faith, and the Divided Self."

The Barbarian Within and Other Fugitive Essays. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

__________. " A Dialectic of Aural and Objective.Correlatives." The Barbarian Within and

Other Fugitive Essays. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

Wright, George T. The Poet in the Poem: The Personae of Eliot, Yeats, and Pound.

Berkeley: Univ. of California Pr., 1960.

Readings on Voice and Persona 2

Altieri, Charles. “Self and Sensibility in Contemporary Poetry.” Self and Sensibility in

Contemporary Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Bidart, Frank. “Borges and I.” After Confession: Poetry as Autobiography. Saint Paul:

Graywolf Press, 2001.

----------." On ‘Confessional’ Poetry." Robert Lowell: Collected Poems, Ed. Frank Bidart.

(Farrar, Straus, 2002).

Bernstein, Charles. "Stray Straws and Straw Men." Content's Dream: Essays

1975-1984. Los Angeles: Sun & Moon Press, 1986.

Chiasson, Dan. One Kind of Everything: Poem and Person in Contemporary America.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

Finch, Annie. “Coherent Decentering: Toward a New Model of the Poetic Self.” After

Confession: Poetry as Autobiography. Saint Paul: Graywolf Press, 2001.

McClatchy, J.D. “Chapter Five: What Exactly Is ‘Contemporary’ Poetry Anyway?”

Twenty Questions (Posed By Poems). New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.

__________. “On ‘My Mammogram.’” Ed. Robert Pack. Introspections: American

Poets on One of Their Own Poems. Hanover: University Press of New England, 1997.

Maio, Samuel. Creating Another Self : Voice in Modern American Personal. Kirksville, MO:

Thomas Jefferson University Press, 1995.

Oliver, Mary. “The Poet’s Voice.” Blue Pastures. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1995.

Perloff, Marjorie. “Language Poetry and the Lyric Subject: Ron Silliman’s Albany, Susan Howe’s

Buffalo.” http://wings.buffalo.edu/epc/authors/perloff/. 1998.

Pinsky, Robert. Democracy, Culture, and the Voice of Poetry. Princeton, N.J.:

Princeton University Press, 2002.

Trilling, Lionel. “Sincerity: Its Origin and Rise.” Sincerity and Authenticity.

Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.

Vendler, Helen. “The Transcendent ‘I.’” The Point Where All Things Meet: Essays on

Charles Wright. Ed. Tom Andrews. Oberlin: Oberlin College Press, 1995.

W. B. Yeats

Ellmann, Richard. “Introduction.” The Identity of Yeats. New York: Oxford University

Press, 1964.

Schricker, Gale C. A New Species of Man: The Poetic Persona of W. B. Yeats.

Lewisburg: Bucknell UP, 1982.

Wordsworth, William. " Preface to Lyrical Ballads." 1798 (1800).

Yeats, W. B. "A General Introduction for My Work." Essays and Introductions.

New York: Macmillan, 1961.

T. S. Eliot

Eliot, T. S. "Hamlet and his Problems." The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry and

Criticism. London: Methuen, 1922.

__________. "The Three Voices of Poetry." On Poets and Poetry. New York:

Farrar, Straus, 1957.

Bedient, Calvin. He Do the Police in Different Voices: The Waste Land and

Its Protagonist. Univ. of Chicago Pr., 1986.

__________. "Tradition and the Individual Talent." The Sacred Wood: Essays on Poetry

and Criticism. London: Methuen, 1922.

Gordon, Lyndall. T. S. Eliot: An Imperfect Life. (New York, 1999).

Lewis, Wyndham. "T. S. Eliot: The Pseudo-Believer." Men Without Art.

New York: Russell & Russell, 1964 [London, 1934].

Mayer, John T. T. S. Eliot's Silent Voices. New York: Oxford, 1989.

Richards, I.A. “Doctrine in Poetry.” Criticism: The Major Texts. Ed. Walter Jackson

Bate. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1970.

Elizabeth Bishop

Pinsky, Robert. “The Idiom of a Self: Elizabeth Bishop and Wordsworth.” Elizabeth

Bishop and Her Art. Ed. Lloyd Schwartz and Sybil P. Estess. Ann Arbor: The

University of Michigan Press, 1983.

Merrill, James. “An Interview with Donald Sheehan, "Elizabeth Bishop” and "The

Transparent Eye." Recitative: Prose. Ed. J.D. McClatchy. San Francisco: North

Point Press, 1986.

James Merrill

Bauer, Mark. "This Composite Voice": The Role of W. B. Yeats in James Merrill's Poetry. London: New York: Routledge, 2003.

Materer, Timothy. "Autobiography and Confession in James Merrill's Early Poetry." Twentieth Century Literature 48 (Summer 2002): 150-72. [Available on JSTOR.]

-----------. "James Merrill's Polyphonic Muse." Contemporary Literature 47.2 (2006): 207-235

Sylvia Plath

Britzolakis, Christina. “Introduction" and "Distorting Mirrors.” Sylvia Plath and the

Theatre of Mourning. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.

Hughes, Ted. "Sylvia Plath" (5 Essays). Winter Pollen. Ed. William Scammell. New York : Picador USA, 1995.

Lowell, Robert. “Sylvia Plath’s Ariel.” Collected Prose. Ed. Robert Giroux. New York:

Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1987.