Sustainable
Nuclear
Power
Editors
Galen
J. Suppes
Truman
S. Storvick
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
CHAPTER 2
The History of Energy
FIGURE 2-2. Year
2005 petroluem flow in millions of barrels per day. (U.S. DOE Public Domain Image. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/diagram2.html,
also available at .)
References
1. B. P. Tissot and D. H. Welte, Petroleum Formation and
Occurrence. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1978, p. 5.
2. http://www.runet.edu/¡«wkovarik/envhist/2middle.html.
3.
Ibid.
4. http://www.runet.edu/¡«wkovarik/envhist/4industrial.html.
5.
Anthony Sampson, The Seven Sisters. New York: Bantam Books
Inc., 1981, p. 27.
6. http://www.runet.edu/¡«wkovarik/envhist/7forties.html, May 20, 2002.
7.
Stevenson, William, 1976, A Man Called Intrepid, New
York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
8. Borkin, Joseph, 1978. The Crime and
Punishment of I.G. Farben. New York: Free
Press Source for Fig. 2-4 http://www.eia.doe.gov/ emeu/mer/,
May 17, 2002.
9.
Also see http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/reserves.xls.
10.
Consumption at 7.1e16Btu/yr in U.S. and oil, coal, and gas reserves of 5.3e18,
2.5e19, and 6.9e19. World consumption of 1.46e17, 1.18e17, and 1.4e18 for total
of 1.4e18 ¨ use 1.5e18 for world. From http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table11.xls.
11. http://www.eia.doe.gov/neic/quickfacts/quickoil.html, May 17, 2002.
12.
Grove, 1995.
13. Perlin, 1991.
14. http://www.radford.edu/¡«wkovarik/envhist/, May
19, 2002.
15.
Noel De Nevers, Air Pollution
Control Engineering. New York: McGraw Hill, 1995, p. 2.
16. http://www.runet.edu/¡«wkovarik/envhist/2middle.html.
17. Changes in Gasoline III, published by Technician’s Manual, Downstream Alternatives, Inc.
P.O. Box 190, Bremen, IN 46506-0190, 1996, p. 8.
18. http://www.runet.edu/¡«wkovarik/envhist/10eighties.html, May 20, 2002.
19. R.
A. Hinrichs, and M. Kleinbach,
Energy—Its Use and the Environment, 3rd ed. New York: Brooks/Cole, 2002,
Table 14.6.
CHAPTER 3
Energy Reserves and
Renewable Energy Sources
References
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2. http://www.eia.doe.gov/fueloverview.html.
3. http://www.eia.doe.gov/fueloverview.html.
4. ibid. A–Z.
5. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons,
1980, Vol. 12, p. 326.
6. From U.S. DOE Public Domain. http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/
petroleum/analysis_publications/oil_market_basics/Supply_
Petroleum_Trap.htm, 2003.
7. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons,
1980, Vol. 12, p. 326.
8. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
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1977, Vol. 11, p. 326.
9. S.
M. Forouq Ali, Heavy Crude Oil Recovery, Ender Okandan, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publisher, 1984, p. 50.
10. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
Technology. New York: John Wiley & Sons,
1980, Vol. 11, p. 887.
11. Ibid.
12.
http://www.petroleumworld.com/SF021906.htm.
13.
Canada’s Oil Sands and Heavy Oil. Petroleum Communication Foundation, Canadian
Centre for Energy Information, Alberta. see http://www.centreforenergy.com/EE-OS.asp.
14.
Evolution of Canada’s oil gas industry. Canadian Centre for
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com/ EE-OS.asp.
15. http://www.agiweb.org/legis105/ch4.html.
16. Mielke, J.E. Methane Hydrates: Energy Prospect or Natural
Hazard? CRS Report to Congress. Order Code RS20050,
February 14, 2000.
17. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical
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1980, Vol. 12, p. 326.
Elsevier US 0ssn03 5-7-2006 5:43p.m. Page No:73 Energy Reserves and Renewable Energy Sources 73 18. http://www.eia.doe.gov/fueloverview.html.
19. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/procyc.html, May
15, 2002.
20. http://zebu.uoregon.edu/textbook/energygen.html, May 15, 2002.
21. http://www.lbl.gov/Publications/Currents/Archive/ Nov-19-1999.html
22. Images provided by the Uranium
Information Center, Ltd., GPO Box 1649N, Melbourne 3001, Australia.
23. http://www.uic.com.au/uran.htm.
24. Images
provided by the Uranium Information Center, Ltd., GPO Box 1649N, Melbourne
3001, Australia.
25. http://www.upei.ca/¡«physics/p261/projects/geothermal1/ geothermal1.htm.
26. http://www.energy.rochester.edu/is/reyk/history.htm.
27. http://www.radford.edu/¡«wkovarik/envhist/ 28. http://www.californiasolarcenter.org/history_solarthermal.html.
29. http://www.bergey.com/primer.html.
30. Ibid.
31. http://telosnet.com/wind/recent.html.
32.
Conversation with Idaho Power’s representatives at Bioenergy’02, Boise, Idaho, September 2002.
33. http://telosnet.com/wind/future.html.
34. R. M. Tshiteya,
Conversion
Technologies, pp. 3–21.
35. Lester
B. Lave, W. M. Griffin, and H. Maclean, “The Ethanol
Answer to Carbon Emissions,” Issues in
Science and Technology, Winter
2001–2002, pp. 73–78.
36.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/, 8.36 million barrels per day consumed.
37. Lester B. Lave, et al.,
p. 75.
38. K. Shaine Tyson, et al.
39. M.
Bockish, Fats and Oils
Handbook. Champaign, IL: American Oil Chemists
Society Press, 1993, p. 11. 20MMt of soybean oil, SBO at 21% of oil crops, oil
crops at 80% of fat and oil.
40. http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/analysis_ publications/oil_market_basics/default.htm. 19.48 million barrels per day or 7110.2
million barrels per year.
41. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/. 3.7 million barrels per day or 1.35
billion barrels per year.
42.
Peterson, C. L. and D. L. Auld Technical Overview of Vegetable Oil as a
Transportation Fuel. FACT-Vol. 12,
Solid Fuel Conversion for the Transportation Sector, ASME 1991. Page 45, Found at biodiesel.org.
43.
Soy Stats™ 2004. American Soybean Association, 12125
Woodcrest Executive Drive, Suite 100, Saint Louis, MO 63141.
44. http://www.missouri.edu/¡«suppesg/PHEV.htm.
45. 26
U.S.C. 40.
CHAPTER 4
Emerging Fuel
Technologies and Policies
Impacting these
Technologies
References
1. W. D. Seider, J. D. Seader, and D. R.
Lewin, Process Design Principles.
New York: Wiley,
1998, p. 47.
2. Debora
Hairston, “Newsfront: Pyrolysis
Gets All Fired Up.” Chemical Engineering,
March 2002.
3.
G. J. Suppes, M. L. Burkhart, J. C. Cordova, R. M. Sorem,
and B. Russell, “Performance of Fischer-Tropsch
Liquids with Oxygenates in a VW 1.9L TDI.” SAE Paper 2001-01-3521.
4. W. D. Seider, J. D. Seader, and D. R.
Lewin, Process Design Principals.
New York: Wiley,
1998, Ch. 10.
5. D. Deming,
“Oil: Are We Running Out?” Second Wallace E. Pratt Memorial Conference,
“Petroleum Provinces of the 21st Century,” January 12–15, 2000; see
http://geology.ou.edu/library/aapg_oil.pdf.
6. “Canada’s Oil
Sands and Heavy Oil.” Petroleum Communication Foundation.
Available at http://www.centreforenergy.com/EEOS.
asp,
2001.
7. Adam Smith, Wealth
of Nations (facsimile of 1776 original).
Prometheus Books,
1991, p. 361.
8.
http://waysandmeans.house.gov/hearings.asp?formmode =printfriendly&id=1059.
9. Brent D. Yacobucci, B. D. and J. Wornoch, RL30369:
Fuel Ethanol: Background and Public Policy Issues.
A CRS Report for Congress. See http://www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/energy/eng-59.cfm?
&CFID=19293910&CFTOKEN=12099740#_1_1,
March 22, 2000.
10.
http://www.conway.com/ssinsider/bbdeal/bd020401.htm.
11.
http://www.sb-d.com/issues/winter2002/currents/index.asp.
12.
http://api-ec.api.org/filelibrary/ACF763.doc.
13.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/ipp/html1/t17p01.html.
14.
http://www.iags.org/pih.htm.
15.
http://www.solarwall.com/.
16. Lester B.
Lave, W. M. Griffin, and H. Maclean, “The Ethanol
Answer to Carbon Emissions,” Issues in Science and
Technology, Winter 2001–2002,
pp. 73–78.
17. Emissions
by Economic Sector. Excerpt from the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse
Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2000. U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Program, Office
of Atmospheric Programs, U.S.
Environmental
Protection Agency, April 2002. http://www.epa.gov/ globalwarming/publications/emissions/index.html.
CHAPTER 5
History of Conversion
of Thermal Energy to Work
Recommended
Reading 1. Bathie, William W., Fundamentals of Gas Turbines, 2nd ed.
New
York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
2.
Constant II, E. W., The Origins of the Turbojet Revolution. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.
3. Cumpsty, Nicholas, Jet
Propulsion. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press, 1997.
4.
Garvin, R. V., Starting Something Big: The
Commercial Emergence of GE Aircraft Engines.
Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 1998.
5. Von
Braun, Wehrner, and F. I. Ordway, III, History of Rocketry and Space Travel, 3rd ed. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1975.
6.
Wilson, D. G., and Theodosios Korakianitis,
The Design of High- Efficiency Turbomachinery
and Gas Turbines, 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall, 1988.
General References
1. Academic American Encyclopedia,
Grolier Inc., Danbury, CT, 1996, Vol. 17, p. 375.
2. Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier,
Inc., Danbury, CT, 1997, Vol. 27, p. 241.
3. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1997, Vol. 17, p. 375.
4. The New Encyclopedia Britannica,
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1997, Vol. 18, p. 343.
5. The World Book Encyclopedia, World Book,
Inc., Chicago, IL, 2000, Vol. 18, p. 413.
6. A History of the Automotive Internal Combustion Engine, SP-490, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., July 1976.
7.
Cummins, C. Lyle, Jr., Internal Fire, Carnot Press, Lake Oswego, OR, 1976,
Ch. 14.
8.
Lilly, L. R., Ed., Diesel Engine Reference Book, Butterworths, London, 1984.
Elsevier US 0ssn05 5-7-2006 5:45p.m. Page No:157 History of Conversion of Thermal Energy to Work 157
References
1. See
R. H. Thurston, Cornell University Press, Ithica, NY,
1939. This book was first published in 1878 and provides a detailed history of
the inventions and technology developments that made the steam engine the key
player in the industrial revolution.
2.
Lester B. Lave, W. M. Griffin, and H. Maclean, The Ethanol Answer to Carbon Emissions. Issues in Science and Technology, Winter
2001–2002, pp. 73–78.
3. http://www.e-sources.com/fuelcell/fcexpln.html.
4. 2000
National Design Contest Problem. American Institute of
Chemical Engineers. New York, 1980.
5.
EPA: Long-term diesel exposure can cause cancer, September 4, 2002.
Posted 8:28 A.M. EDT
(1228GMT) at cnn.com.
CHAPTER 6
Transportation
References
1.
http://www.sfcablecar.com/history.html, May 21, 2002.
2. Anthony
Sampson. The Seven Sisters.
New York: Bantam Books Inc., 1981, p. 184.
3. Keith Owen and
Trevor Coley, Automotive Fuel Reference Book,
2nd ed. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive
Engineers, 1995, p. 21.
4. Hydrogen – fuel
of the future on Iceland, by Tom Karl Andersen, April AU1
26, 2003. See http://www.hydro.com/en/press_room/news/archive/ no_news_view/hydrogen_iceland/hydrogen_iceland_main_en.html.
5. Owen and Coley,
p. 21.
6. Ibid., p. 7.
7. Ibid., p. 269.
8.
J. M. Teague and K. K. Koyama, “Methanol Supply Issues for Alternative Fuels
Demonstration Programs.” SAE Paper 952771.
9.
http://www.oroboros.se/syntes.htm, May 22, 2002.
10.
http://www.cheresources.com/ethanolzz.shtml, May 22, 2002.
11. Owen and
Coley, p. 269.
12.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/, May 22, 2002.
13.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mer/, May 22, 2002.
14. John B.
Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals.
McGraw Hill, 1988,
p. 887.
15. M. Duvall,
“Advanced Batteries for Electric-Drive Vehicles,” Reprint
Report, Version 16, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, March 25,
2003.
16. G. J. Suppes,
S. Lopes, and C. W. Chiu, “Plug-in Fuel Cell Hybrids as Transition Technology
to Hydrogen Infrastructure,” International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy, January 2004.
17. “Plug-in
Hybrid Vehicles.” Published by the Institute for the Analysis
of Global Security. http://www.iags.org/pih.htm, 2003.
CHAPTER 7
Production of Electricity
Recommended
Reading 1. Bailey, B. F., The Principles of Dynamo Electric
Machinery. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.,
1915.
2. Brown, S. L., Electricity
and Magnetism. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1934.
3. Franklin, W.
S., and Barry MacNutt, The
Elements of Electricity and Magnetism. London: The MacMillan Company, Ltd., 1908.
4. Hausmann, Eric, and E. P. Slack, Physics,
3rd ed. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1948.
5. Hobart, H. M.,
and A. G. Ellis, High Speed Dynamo Electric Machinery.
New York: John
Wiley & Sons, 1908.
6. Patrick, D. R.,
and S. W. Fardo, Electrical
Distribution Systems.
Lilburn, GA: The
Fairmont Press, Inc., 1999.
7. ———, Rotating
Electrical Machines and Power Systems. Lilburn, GA: The
Fairmont Press, Inc., 1997.
8. Winder, J. J.,
Jr., Power Transformers, Principles and Applications.
New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2002.
References
1. R. W. Haywood, Analysis
of Engineering Cycles, 4th ed. Oxford, England: Pergamon
Press, 1991.
2. “Development of
Technologies and Capabilities for Developing Coal, Oil, and Gas Energy
Sources.” Solicitation for Financial Assistance Applications
No. DE-PS26-02NT41613, U.S. Department of Energy National Energy
Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, August 21, 2002.
http://gen-iv.ne.doe.gov/.
AU1
CHAPTER 8
Energy in Heating,
Ventilation, and Air
Conditioning
References
1.
http://www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/ news_detail.html/news_id=6781.
2. Federal
Register/Vol. 69, No. 158/Tuesday, August
17, 2004/Rules and Regulations.
3.
http://www.cecer.army.mil/techreports/soh_stor/Soh_Stor-03.htm.
Fort
Hood, Texas, example.
4. Energy-Wise
News, http://www.eeca.govt.nz/, Sept. 1998. AU2 http://www.eren.doe.gov/cities_counties/thermal.html.
http://www.pnl.gov/fta/CoolStorage/CoolStorage.htm.
CHAPTER 9
Electrical Power
as
Sustainable Energy
Recommended
Reading 1. “Fuel Cell Report to Congress.” Report
ESECS EE-1973, U.S. Department of Energy, February 2003. Available
at http://www.eere.energy.
gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/pdfs/fc_report_congress_feb2003.pdf.
2.
Suppes, G. J., “Plug-In HEV Roadmap to Hydrogen Economy.” SAE
Paper Number 2005-01-3830, 2005.
Elsevier US 0ssn09 5-7-2006 5:48p.m. Page No:248 248 Sustainable Nuclear Power
References
1.
“Reducing California’s Energy Dependence.” Joint Agency Report of the
California Energy Commission and California Resources Board, Report
P600-03-005F, August 2003.
2. A.
Frank, 30 Years of HEV Research Leading to Plug-in HEVs.
PHEV Workshop, 2003.
3. M. Duvall, “Advanced Batteries for Electric Drive Vehicles.” EPRI Report 1009299, May 2004.
4. G. J. Suppes, “Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Roadmap to
Hydrogen Economy.” SAE Paper
2005-01-3830.
5. G.
J. Suppes, “Plug-In Hybrid with Fuel Cell Battery Charger.” Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 30, 2005,
pp. 113–121.
6. M. Anderman, “Brief Assessment of Progress in EV Battery
Technology Since the BTAP.” June
2000 Report. Presentation available at www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/2003rule/03board/anderman.pdf.
7.
“Fuel Cell Report to Congress.” Report ESECS EE-1973, U.S.
Department
of Energy, February 2003.
8. R.
A. Hinrichs, and M. Kleinbach. Energy Its Use and the Environment, 3rd ed. New York: Brooks/Cole, 2002.
CHAPTER 10 Atomic Processes
References
1. DOE
Fundamentals Handbook, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory, Vols. 1 of 2, U.S.
Department of Energy, Washington, D.C., DOEHDBK- 1019/1-93, 1993.
2.
http://www.aip.org/ May 15, 2002.
3.
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/procyc.html, May 15, 2002.
4. “Understanding
Radiation.” Available at http://www.epa.gov/ radiation/understand/.
5. Fact Sheet on
Biological Effects of Radiation. Available at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/bioeffects-
radiation.html.National Council on Radiation
Protection (NCRP) Report 93, 1987.
CHAPTER 11
Recycling and Waste
Handling for Spent
Nuclear Fuel
References
1. “A
Technology Roadmap for Generation IV Nuclear energy Systems,” Issued by the
U.S. DOE Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee and Generation IV
International Forum, December 2002, p. 1.
2.
Nuclear Energy Institute—High Level “Nuclear Waste” Is Really Used Nuclear
Fuel. Retrieved from http//www.nei.org/ index.asp?catnum=1&catid=14.
3.
Ibid.
4.
J-P. Adloff, and R. Guillaumont,
Fundamentals of Radiochemistry, Ann Arbor: CRC Press, 1993, pp. 15–20.
5. L.
K. Roland, B. G. Jerry, and T. Gary, Eds., The Plutonium Story: Journals
of Professor Glenn T. Seaborg, 1939–1946. Columbus, OH: Benefiel, Battelle Press, 1994.
6. B.
B. Cunningham, and L. B. Werner, “The First Separation of the Synthetic Element
94PU-239.” In The Transuranium
Elements, Research Papers, G. T. Seaborg, J. J. Katz, and W. M. Manningam,
eds. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1949, pp.
51–78.
7. S. Groueff, Manhatten Project: The
Untold Story of the Making of the Atomic Bomb.
Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 1967, p. 9.
8. H.
Thayer, Management of the Hanford Engineer
Works in World War II. New York: American Society of
Civil Engineers Press, 1996, p. 94.
9. S. Glasstone, Sourcebook on
Atomic Energy, 3rd ed. Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1967, pp. 519–523.
10. S.
G. Thompson, and G. T. Seaborg, Progr. in Nuclear Energy, Ser. III, Vol 1, 1956, p. 163.
11. Adloff and Guillaumont, p. 20.
12. M.
Benedict, T. H. Pigford, and H. W. Levi, Nuclear Chemical Engineering, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1981, pp. 458–459.
13. H.
Thayer, p. 17.
14. T. H. Siddall III, “Solvent
Extraction Processes Based on Tri-n-butyl Phosphate.” In J F. Flagg, ed. Chemical Processing of Reactor Fuels.
New
York: Academic Press, 1961, pp. 199–207.
15.
Ibid.
16.
Benedict, Pigford, and Levi, p. 461.
17.
Dwight Eigenhower, Atoms for Peace. Speach delivered to the U.N. General Assembly, Dec. 8,
1953, Idaho National Lab publication 03-GA51120-01.
Elsevier US
0ssn11 5-7-2006 6:09p.m. Page No:318 318 Sustainable Nuclear Power 18. R. G. Wymer, and
B. L Vondra, Jr., Eds., Light Water Reactor Nuclear Fuel
Cycle. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1981, pp. 39–41.
19.
Ibid., p. 65.
20. R.
G. Cochran and N. Tsoulfanidis, The Nuclear Fuel
Cycle: Analysis and Management, 2nd ed.
LaGrange Park, IL: American Nuclear Society, 1990, p. 270.
21. Wymer and Vondra, Jr., pp. 69–72.
22. http://www.uic.com.au/nip09.htm.
23. http://www.uic.com.au/nfc.htm.
24. R. A. Hinrichs, and M. Kleinbach, Energy Its
Use and the Environment.
3rd Edition, Page 475, Brooks/Cole, New York, 2002.
25.
Benedict, Pigford, and Levi, p. 475.
26. Wymer and Vondra, Jr., pp. 67–68.
27. Wymer and Vondra, Jr., p. 92.
28.
Cochran and Tsoulfanidis, p. 270, pag.
215.
29.
“Report to Congress on Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative: The Future Path for
Advanced Spent Fuel Treatment and Transmutation Research.” Prepared
by the U.S. DOE, January 2003.
30. M.
S. Thomas, M. A. Norato, G. F. Kessinger,
R. A. Pierce, T. S. Rudisill, and J. D. Johnson,
“Demonstration of the UREX Solvent Extraction Process with Dresden Reactor Fuel
Solution.” Report WSRC-TR-2002-00444, U.S. Department of Commerce, NTIS, Springfield,
VA, 2002.
31. G.
F. Vandegrift, M. C. Regalbuto,
S. B. Asse, H. A. Arafat, A. L. Bekel,
D. L. Bowers, J. P. Byrnes, M. C. Clark, J. F. Emery, J. R. Falkenburg,
A. V. Gelas, L. D. Hafenrichter,
R. A. Leonard, C. Peraira, K. J. Quigley, Y. Tsai, M.
H. Vander Pol, and J. J. Laidler,
“Lab-Scale Demonstration of the UREX+ Process.” WM’04 Conference, February 29–March 4,
2004, Tucson, AZ.
32. A. E. Waltar, and A. B. Reynolds, Fast Breeder Reactors. New York: Pergamon Press, 1981, pp.
24–26.
33.
History of Nuclear Energy, ANL-W, 1998. Retrieved from http://
www.anlw.anl.gov/anlw_history/general_history/gen_hist.html.
34. “A
Report to Congress on Electrometallurgical Treatment of Waste Forms.” March
2001, pp. 4–6.
35.
ANL-W History—Reactors (EBR-II). Retrieved from http:// www.anlw.anl.gov/anlw_histroy/reactors/ebr_ii,html.
36.
Electrochemical Process for Spent Fuel Treatment. Retrieved
from http://www.cmt.anl.gov/science-technology/nuclear/.
37.
Survey of Energy Resources: Part 1 Uranium. World Energy
Council.
Available at http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/publications/ reports/ser/uranium/uranium.asp.
38. http://www.uic.com.au/uran.htm.
39. “Report
to Congress Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative: Objectives, Approach, and
Technology Summary.” U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and
Technology, May 2005.
Elsevier US
0ssn11 5-7-2006 6:09p.m. Page No:319 Recycling and Waste Handling for Spent Nuclear Fuel 319 40. Personal conversation with Wes Berry.
“U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology Advanced Fuel Cycle
Initiative (AFCI) Comparison Report, FY 2004.” Published by
the U.S. DOE, September, 2004.
41.
“Report to Congress on Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative: The Future Path for
Advanced Spent Fuel Treatment and Transmutation AU3 Research.” Prepared by the U.S. Department of
Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, and Technology, January 2003.
Available at http://www.ne.doe.gov/reports/AFCI_CongRpt2003.pdf.
CHAPTER 12
Nuclear Power Plant
Design
Recommended Reading Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative (AFCI) Comparison Report, FY 2003, October 2003. Available at
http://www.ne.doe.gov/ reports/reports.html.
References
1. Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Ten-Year Program Plan, Fiscal
Year 2005, Vol. 1. Office of
Advanced Nuclear Research, DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology.
Released March 2005, Executive Summary.
2. International Nuclear Energy Research Initiative, 2004 Annual Report. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear
Energy, Science and Technology.
3. Generation IV.
4.
Ibid, p. 1.
Elsevier US
0ssn12 5-7-2006 6:09p.m. Page No:353 Nuclear Power Plant Design 353 5. A Technology Roadmap for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems, December
2002. Issued by the U.S. DOE Nuclear Energy Research
Advisory Committee and the Generation IV International Forum, p. 11.
6. Generation IV, pp. 28–31.
7. Ibid, pp. 23–28.
8. J.
R. Howell, and R. O. Buckius, Fundamentals of Engineering Themodynamics, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.,
1992, pp. 425–436.
9.
Generation IV, pp. 31–34.
10.
Ibid, pp. 39–41.
11. ANL-W
History—Reactors (EBR-II). Retrieved from http://www.anlw.anl.gov/anlw_history/reactors/ebr_ii.html.
12. R. L. Garwin, and G. Charpak, Megawatts and
Megatons. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2001, pp. 131–135.
13.
Generation IV, pp. 35–38.
14. Garwin, and Charpak, p. 164.
15. http://www.libraries.psu.edu/crsweb/tmi/accidnt.htm.
16.
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/tmi/ tmi.htm.
17.
Design Features and Technology Uncertainties for the Next Generation. Nuclear
Plant, June 30 2004. Available at http://www.ne.doe.gov/reports/reports.html.
18. R.
A. Hinrichs, and M. Kleinbach,
Energy—Its Use and the Environment, 3rd ed. New York: Brooks/Cole, 2002, p.
477.
19. The U.S. Generation IV Implementation Strategy. U.S. DOE Publication 03-GA50439-06. September 2003.
CHAPTER 13
For-Profit Industrial
Drivers
References
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“The Economic Future of Nuclear Power.” Table 3-2. A
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“Economic Future.” Table 3-2.
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“Economic Future.” Table 1-1.
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“Report on the Effect the Low-Enriched Uranium Delivery Under the HEU Agreement
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7. M.
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